Dr Ajesh Bansal

INTESTINAL DISEASES

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INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an umbrella term used to describe disorders that involve chronic inflammation of your digestive tract.

Types of IBD include
  • Ulcerative colitis This condition causes long-lasting inflammation and sores (ulcers) in the innermost lining of your large intestine (colon) and rectum.
  • Crohn's disease This type of IBD is characterized by inflammation of the lining of your digestive tract, which often spreads deep into affected tissues.
Symptoms include
  • Diarrhea
  • Fever and fatigue
  • Abdominal pain and cramping
  • Blood in your stool
  • Reduced appetite
  • Unintended weight loss
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CELIAC DISEASES

Celiac disease (gluten-sensitive enteropathy), sometimes called sprue or coeliac, is an immune reaction to eating gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley and rye. f you have celiac disease, eating gluten triggers an immune response in your small intestine. Over time, this reaction damages your small intestine's lining and prevents absorption of some nutrients (malabsorption). The intestinal damage often causes diarrhea, fatigue, weight loss, bloating and anemia, and can lead to serious complications

Symptoms
  • Anemia, usually resulting from iron deficiency
  • Loss of bone density (osteoporosis) or softening of bone (osteomalacia)
  • Itchy, blistery skin rash (dermatitis herpetiformis)
  • Damage to dental enamel
  • Mouth ulcers
  • Headaches and fatigue
  • Nervous system injury, including numbness and tingling in the feet and hands, possible problems with balance, and cognitive impairment
  • Joint pain
  • Reduced functioning of the spleen (hyposplenism)
  • Acid reflux and heartburn
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COLONIC POLYPS AND CANCER

Colorectal cancer usually begins as a "polyp," a nonspecific term to describe a growth on the inner surface of the colon. Polyps are often non-cancerousgrowths, but some can develop into cancer. The two most common types of polyps found in the colon and rectum include: Hyperplastic and inflammatorypolyps.

Colorectal cancer is the third leading cause of cancer deaths among American men and women. These cancers arise from the inner lining of the large intestine, also known as the colon. Tumors may also arise from the inner lining of the very last part of the digestive tract, called the rectum.

Symptoms of colorectal cancer include:
  • A persistent change in bowel habits (such as constipation or diarrhea)
  • Blood on or in the stool
  • Abdominal discomfort
  • Unexplained weight loss
  • Anemia
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IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME

Irritable Bowl syndrome:- IBS is a mix of belly discomfort or pain and trouble with bowel habits: either going more or less often than normal (diarrhea or constipation) or having a different kind of stool (thin, hard, or soft and liquid).

Symptoms of IBS
  • Diarrhea (often described as violent episodes of diarrhea)
  • Constipation
  • Constipation alternating with diarrhea
  • Belly pains or cramps, usually in the lower half of the belly, that get worse after meals and feel better after a bowel movement
  • A lot of gas or bloating
  • Harder or looser stools than normal (pellets or flat ribbon stools)
  • A belly that sticks out
  • Stress can make symptoms worse.